Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of the cognitive processes underlying the acquisition and use of knowledge. It draws from converging evidence and methodology of diverse fields, including psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, computer science, anthropology and linguistics. The term cognitive science was coined by Christopher Longuet-Higgins in his 1973 commentary on the Lighthill report, which concerned the then-current state of Artificial Intelligence research. In the same decade, the journal Cognitive Science and the Cognitive Science Society began. Levels of Analysis One of the central principles of systemics applied in the symbolic approach to cognitive science is that (1) there are different Levels of Analysis (LOA) from which the brain and mind can be studied, and (2) mental phenomena are best studied from multiple levels of abstraction. For example, these levels are broken into three (not well separated) groups, based on Marr's description of them: Computational (Behavioral) level: describes the directly observable output (or behavior) of a system. Algorithmic (Functional) level: describes how information is processed to produce the behavioral output. Implementational (Physical) level: describes the physical substrate that the system consists of (e.g. the brain; neurons).
Learn about Cognitive science
Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Psychology of Religion
Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes, emotion, personality, behavior, and relationships. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental health problems.
Psychology differs from the other social sciences — anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology — in seeking to explain the thinking, emotion and behaviour of individuals, couples, families and other social groups.
Psychology differs from biology and neuroscience in that it is primarily concerned with mind rather than brain, in other words experience and behaviour rather than brain structure or chemistry. However, the subfield of neuropsychology studies the actual neural processes and how these relate to the mental and experiential phenomena. It is clear that our life experience influences our brain states and vice-versa in complex ways.
Knowledge is what is known. Like the related concepts truth, belief, and wisdom, there is no single definition of knowledge on which scholars agree, but rather numerous theories and continued debate about the nature of knowledge.
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, learning, communication, association, and reasoning. The term knowledge is also used to mean the confident understanding of a subject, potentially with the ability to use it for a specific purpose.
The word psychology comes from the ancient Greek ???? psyche ("soul," "mind") and -????a -ology ("study").
The Powers Of The Mother Of Pearl
By: Jakob Jelling Oriental and Chinese cultures as well as many occidental ones follow traditions based on the belief that some precious stones have important symbolisms and powers. The mother of pearl is one of them, and it is often used for feng shui practitioners in order to attract a benefit towards a strategic house point or to improve a specific life area. Some stones are believed to have the power of attracting happiness or love to the life of whom carries them or keep them in their homes. The way in which a stone is seen and what it symbolizes depends not only on its type but also on the way it is used and seen by each specific culture and the traditions behind it.
Usually, in many occidental cultures the symbolism of a stone is followed by wearing it as a ornament and jewelry, while in many oriental cultures and mainly the Chinese one, these stones are often used in symbolic objects which are strategically placed in the house. This way, stones depend on the way they are used and to which kind of object they are added to in order to have their meaning and to attract specific benefits. According to the oriental traditions and the Chinese culture, the mother of pearl is a very symbolic stone. This symbolism is based on the belief that mother of pearl attracts wealth and a better income to the person who keeps it. This way, many feng shui and Chinese objects which symbolize money and wealth contain this stone in order to improve its powers. Besides attracting wealth and money, the mother of pearl also symbolizes prosperity and good luck. This way, it is often given as a present in order to wish good luck to a friend or a loved one in some circumstances such as when that person is going to travel or will go through a very important exam among many other situations. Besides this, by simply carrying a symbolic item containing mother of pearl, a person's good luck and prosperity would become highly improved and enhanced.
About The AuthorJakob Jelling is the founder of http://www.fengshuicrazy.com . Please visit his website and learn all the feng shui tips you'll ever need!
Feng Shui
Yoga
Usually, in many occidental cultures the symbolism of a stone is followed by wearing it as a ornament and jewelry, while in many oriental cultures and mainly the Chinese one, these stones are often used in symbolic objects which are strategically placed in the house. This way, stones depend on the way they are used and to which kind of object they are added to in order to have their meaning and to attract specific benefits. According to the oriental traditions and the Chinese culture, the mother of pearl is a very symbolic stone. This symbolism is based on the belief that mother of pearl attracts wealth and a better income to the person who keeps it. This way, many feng shui and Chinese objects which symbolize money and wealth contain this stone in order to improve its powers. Besides attracting wealth and money, the mother of pearl also symbolizes prosperity and good luck. This way, it is often given as a present in order to wish good luck to a friend or a loved one in some circumstances such as when that person is going to travel or will go through a very important exam among many other situations. Besides this, by simply carrying a symbolic item containing mother of pearl, a person's good luck and prosperity would become highly improved and enhanced.
About The AuthorJakob Jelling is the founder of http://www.fengshuicrazy.com . Please visit his website and learn all the feng shui tips you'll ever need!
Feng Shui
Yoga
Learn Something Everyday
Brainology... Let's Start Learning Something Everyday, Every Moment
By Usman ParachaEvery normal human being learn in his life’s each and every minute. He is gaining experience every moment. If he starts transcribing his thoughts daily (once a day) in his life, he will gain a huge progress in the small time.There are 24 hours in a whole day and night. These 24 hours contain 1440 minutes. And these 1440 minutes contain 86400 seconds. And in these 86400 you are thinking something or creating something or imagining something i.e., using your brain in some way. One research has proved that using your brain in some way will increase your mental abilities in other respects also. For example, if you are imagining something your power to create new things will also increase along with imagination and similar for other aspects.Let’s make a list of the things which you can do in your leisure time. For example, if after playing or coming from some work you want some rest then don’t waste this rest. Close your eyes and start thinking of some very beautiful place. This will give you the following benefits:1. You will feel good.2. you will feel some energy.3. You will find inspiration to do more4. Tiredness will be reduced to much extent.You know our brain can do a lot of things. A short list of those things are as follows:<1>.Imagination (a). Vivid imagination (A highly developed form of imagination which gives clear view)(b). Visual imagination ( Which is perceptible by the mind’s eye)(c). Fertile imagination (Also is a kind of creativity)(d). Bold imagination (Give you power to do anything which you want)(e). Wild imagination (Giving you some enthusiasm)(f). Fervid imagination (A kind of imagination giving your heart some heat and passion)(g). Lively imagination (As if you are looking some animation or some film in highly developed form)
<2>.Creativity(a). Inventiveness (Displaying creativity)(b). Originality (Newness i.e., making something new and original)<3>.Memory (Ability to retain knowledge)(a). Retentiveness (Able to retain something. A highly developed form of memory)(b). Retention (Holding in of something)(c). Tenacious memory (Able to remember many things)(d). Capacious memory (Able to hold a large amount of information for a specific time and place)(e). Correct memory (Able to modify according to particular situations. Not much developed form. Every one can have)(f). Exact memory (A form of correct memory)(g). Photographic memory ( A memory as accurate as a photograph..A highly developed form of memory)(h). Eidetic memory ( Recalled with a wonderful accuracy. A highly developed form of memory)(i). Ready memory ( A form of correct memory)(j). Prompt memory (Memory able to make the mind to be mold according to previous situation immediately without any delay. A highly developed form of correct memory)(k). Race memory (Particular to a group of people)<4>.Thinking (Imagination is actually a form of thinking)<5>.Reasoning ( In some cases is a form of creativity)<6>.Concentration<7>.Consciousness<8>.Observation<9>.PlanningIn fact, there is an infinite list of things which can be done by our mind.If we start working on a particular point from the above mentioned points. We will start learning more and more every day and every moment and developing our mind according to our intentions.
Self Improvement And Motivation
By Usman ParachaEvery normal human being learn in his life’s each and every minute. He is gaining experience every moment. If he starts transcribing his thoughts daily (once a day) in his life, he will gain a huge progress in the small time.There are 24 hours in a whole day and night. These 24 hours contain 1440 minutes. And these 1440 minutes contain 86400 seconds. And in these 86400 you are thinking something or creating something or imagining something i.e., using your brain in some way. One research has proved that using your brain in some way will increase your mental abilities in other respects also. For example, if you are imagining something your power to create new things will also increase along with imagination and similar for other aspects.Let’s make a list of the things which you can do in your leisure time. For example, if after playing or coming from some work you want some rest then don’t waste this rest. Close your eyes and start thinking of some very beautiful place. This will give you the following benefits:1. You will feel good.2. you will feel some energy.3. You will find inspiration to do more4. Tiredness will be reduced to much extent.You know our brain can do a lot of things. A short list of those things are as follows:<1>.Imagination (a). Vivid imagination (A highly developed form of imagination which gives clear view)(b). Visual imagination ( Which is perceptible by the mind’s eye)(c). Fertile imagination (Also is a kind of creativity)(d). Bold imagination (Give you power to do anything which you want)(e). Wild imagination (Giving you some enthusiasm)(f). Fervid imagination (A kind of imagination giving your heart some heat and passion)(g). Lively imagination (As if you are looking some animation or some film in highly developed form)
<2>.Creativity(a). Inventiveness (Displaying creativity)(b). Originality (Newness i.e., making something new and original)<3>.Memory (Ability to retain knowledge)(a). Retentiveness (Able to retain something. A highly developed form of memory)(b). Retention (Holding in of something)(c). Tenacious memory (Able to remember many things)(d). Capacious memory (Able to hold a large amount of information for a specific time and place)(e). Correct memory (Able to modify according to particular situations. Not much developed form. Every one can have)(f). Exact memory (A form of correct memory)(g). Photographic memory ( A memory as accurate as a photograph..A highly developed form of memory)(h). Eidetic memory ( Recalled with a wonderful accuracy. A highly developed form of memory)(i). Ready memory ( A form of correct memory)(j). Prompt memory (Memory able to make the mind to be mold according to previous situation immediately without any delay. A highly developed form of correct memory)(k). Race memory (Particular to a group of people)<4>.Thinking (Imagination is actually a form of thinking)<5>.Reasoning ( In some cases is a form of creativity)<6>.Concentration<7>.Consciousness<8>.Observation<9>.PlanningIn fact, there is an infinite list of things which can be done by our mind.If we start working on a particular point from the above mentioned points. We will start learning more and more every day and every moment and developing our mind according to our intentions.
Self Improvement And Motivation
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